also referred to as rotary electrical joints, electric swivels, and collector rings — are devices that can transmit power, electrical signals, or data between a stationary component and a rotating component. The design of a slip ring will depend on its application — transmitting data, for example, requires a slip ring with higher bandwidth and better EMI (electromagnetic interference) mitigation than one that transmits power — but the basic components are a rotating ring and stationary brushes.
In a version of the AC induction motor referred to as a wound rotor motor, slip rings are used not for transferring power, but for inserting resistance into the rotor windings. A wound rotor motor uses three slip rings — typically made of copper or a copper alloy — mounted to (but insulated from) the motor shaft. Each slip ring is connected to one of the three phases of rotor windings. The slip ring brushes, made of graphite, are connected to a resistive device, such as a rheostat. As the slip rings turn with the rotor, the brushes maintain constant contact with the rings and transfer the resistance to the rotor windings. Adding resistance to the rotor windings brings the rotor current more in-phase with the stator current. (Recall that wound rotor motors are a type of asynchronous motor, in which the rotor and stator electrical fields rotate at different speeds) The result is higher torque production with relatively low current. The slip rings are only used at start-up, however, due to their lower efficiency and drop-off of torque at full running speed. As the motor reaches its operating speed, the Capsule Slip Rings are shorted out and the brushes lose contact, so the motor then acts like a standard AC induction (aka “squirrel cage”) motor.
Slip ring or commutator?
You may have noticed that the design and function of a slip ring sounds very similar to that of a commutator. While there are similarities between the two, there are critical distinctions between slip rings and commutators. Physically, a slip ring is a continuous ring, whereas a commutator is segmented. Functionally, slip rings provide a continuous transfer of power, signals, or data. Specifically, in AC motors, they transfer resistance to the rotor windings.
Commutators, on the other hand, are used in DC motors to reverse the polarity of current in the armature windings. The ends of each armature coil are connected to commutator bars located 180 degrees apart. As the armature spins, brushes supply current to opposing segments of the commutator and, therefore, to opposing armature coils.
used in virtually any application that includes a rotating base or platform, from industrial equipment such as index tables, winders, and automated welders, to wind turbines, medical imaging machines (CT, MRI), and even amusement park rides that have a turntable-style operation. Although the traditional application for slip rings was to transmit power, they can also transmit analog and digital signals from devices such as temperature sensors or strain gauges, and even data via Ethernet or other bus networks.
The term temperature refers to a class of devices that provide a measurement of the temperature of objects, and either displays a reading directly or produce an output signal whose value can be translated into a temperature reading. Temperature is a fundamental measurement of thermal energy and can be thought of as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules of a material.
There are several types of temperature sensors used in industrial applications. This article will review the different types of temperature sensors and provide information on how they function and their applications.
The majority of these (the exception being infrared temperature sensors) are contact sensors, meaning that the sensor or probe must physically contact the object whose temperature is being measured in order to take a reading. Infrared sensors measure the radiated thermal energy from the object to establish its temperature and therefore are non-contact sensors.
With the exception of some forms of thermometers, most temperature sensors are designed to generate an electrical signal output that is used to establish the value of temperature.
Radio frequency refers to the radio signals that vary from 3 KHz (1 KHz = 10^3 Hertz) to 300 GHz (1 GHz = 10^9 Hertz). In the field of consumer electronics, the area of interest is radio frequency ranging between 10 MHz and 10 GHz. The major components used in RF front communications in consumer electronics devices are mainly Receivers /Transmitters, Filters, Power Amplifiers, Duplexers, Antenna Switches, and Demodulators.
With RF developments, products that are enabled with internet protocols embark upon their existence and expansion all over the world. Developed regions such as Japan, China, and U.S had enabled this technology with changed architecture of communication devices five years back but developing nations such as India, Brazil, and South Africa have launched these technologies recently.
At present, most of the favorable frequency bands are occupied by cell phones or by government or unlicensed bands with limited transmission range. New devices such as tablets, head up displays, etc. have to rely on less favorable frequency bands, which have more noise distribution then the allotted lower frequencies.
This report refers to the market, which caters to the wide range of applications, components, materials, and modules. RF components cover antenna switches, filters, power amplifiers and tuners; whereas RF components’ application areas cover cellular phones, tablets, e-readers, GPS devices, laptops, smart TV’s, and others.
